Any CNC machine tool to long-term continuous and reliable work, in addition to the quality factors of the machine itself, but also with the use of the process of correct maintenance, timely troubleshooting and timely maintenance is closely related. From the point of view of improving the effectiveness of CNC machine tools, maintenance should include two aspects of meaning: on the one hand, daily maintenance (preventive maintenance), which is to extend the mean time MTBF of machine tools; On the other hand is fault repair, which aims to minimize the average repair time MTTR. To do these two tasks well is the basic guarantee for giving full play to the efficiency of equipment.
In order to give full play to the benefits of CNC machine tools, it is important to do a good job of preventive maintenance, so that the CNC system less fault, improve the system's average trouble-free working time. In addition, the maintenance should be ready at any time, when the system failure can be timely repair, in order to minimize the downtime repair time. This requires that we must be familiar with the structure and performance of the equipment, familiar with the composition and basic operation of the NUMERICAL control system, understand the detection points available for maintenance on the printed circuit board used in the system, and master its normal level and waveform, so as to compare and analyze the maintenance failure. In addition, the technical data and original setting parameters of the CNC system and programmable logic controller (PLC) should also be properly saved, and the typical parts commonly used are programmed. According to the actual use, it can be equipped with some vulnerable spare parts, such as safers, electric brushes, transistor modules and printed circuit boards that are prone to failure. For the spare circuit board, to be regularly installed in the CNC system running on power, in order to avoid long-term use and failure.
The key to preventive maintenance is to strengthen routine maintenance and maintenance. Generally, the following should be done:
1, for CNC machine tools equipped with CNC system programming, operation and maintenance personnel, should be familiar with the mechanical structure of the equipment, NUMERICAL control devices, strong electrical equipment, hydraulic system, gas path and other parts of the characteristics, as well as the specified use environment, processing conditions, etc.. And strictly according to the machine tool and numerical control device instructions for the correct and reasonable use of machine tools, as far as possible to avoid improper operation caused by failure.
2, many systems use paper tape reader as the program input device, system parameters, parts processing program and other paper tape information, through the paper tape reader input to the CNC system. If there is dirt in the tape reading part of the paper tape reading machine (i.e. the luminous and luminous part of the reading head), it will make the paper tape information read into error, so, the surface of the reading head, the paper tape pressure plate, the paper tape channel surface should be frequently checked, timely cleaning dirt. The moving parts of the paper tape reading machine, such as the driving wheel roller, guide roller pressure roller, tensioning arm roller, etc., should be cleaned frequently, and ensure good lubrication.
3. Clean the air filter regularly. When installed in the CNC cabinet and electrical cabinet door on the air filter more dust will cause the cabinet cooling air circulation is not free, for a long time so, will cause the cabinet temperature rise, so that the system can not work reliably. Therefore, according to the use of the environment should be regularly checked, at least every half a year to remove cleaning. The specific method is: first remove the fastening screw, take out the inner core of the air filter, and blow off the dust on the filter core with compressed air from inside to outside. If the filter is dirty, you can also gently vibration the filter at the same time. If the above method does not work, you can use a neutral cleaner (5% detergent ratio) to wash, but do not rub, and then put the filter element in a cool and ventilated place to dry.
4. Maintain the battery regularly. For the NUMERICAL control device that uses CMOS memory to save system parameters, in order to avoid the parameter loss when the machine shuts down, the battery power supply is used to keep the system parameters. When the battery voltage is lower than the CMOS holding voltage, the battery can be charged automatically when the machine starts up. Normally, the battery can keep the information for more than 1000h after power off. When the machine is down for a long time, the battery should be powered on and started regularly according to the requirements of the manual, so that the battery can replenish the power. If this kind of NUMERICAL control device shows the battery fault alarm on THE CRT or with the indicator light, it means the voltage is too low, the battery has failed, and it needs to replace the new battery. In order to save the original data, the battery should be replaced when the power is switched on, and the battery polarity should not be reversed.
Over a long period of time any one CNC machine operation are inevitable after the wear and failure, but prolong the working life of the components, extend the machine parts wear cycles, prevent the happening of the malignant accident, for machine tool can work reliably for a long time to more precisely machining parts are daily for the purpose of the preventive maintenance and maintenance of machine tool. General machine tool operating instructions have specific requirements for maintenance and inspection, which should be operated in strict accordance with the provisions.