It is called blood transfusion to the transfer of blood or blood derived from a donor individual to another receiver. A transfusion could save someone's life, so it is of the utmost importance that health centers have an appropriate supply of safe blood and ensure its correct use.
Currently, transfusion is a vital tool that some health establishments have. However, it can trigger immediate or late complications related to the biological risk of transmission of infections such as viral hepatitis, HIV, syphilis, Chagas disease and Malaria.
Given the potential risks of disease transmission through the use of blood components, the need for special attention to biosafety, guaranteeing a reserve bank appropriate to existing needs, and the appropriate use by the clinician of blood and its derivatives is highlighted.
Advances in science in recent times have made transfusions increasingly safe in relation to the inherent risks of disease transmission and serious post-transfusion reactions. However, we must always bear in mind that in terms of pathophysiology, when the act of transfusing a patient is being exposed to an allogeneic tissue transplant, which implies all the risks inherent in a transplant.
Indications for transfusion
Due to the aforementioned, the ideal will always be to avoid allogeneic transfusion if the indication is not strictly justified; the responsibility for the decision will be the treating physician who must evaluate the benefits to be obtained in relation to the potential risks.
Globular concentrate
• Chronic anemia with the presence of symptoms and a hemoglobin value <6 g / dL where previous therapies have failed and there is an inability of the body to adequately produce red blood cells.
• Sudden onset (acute) anemia with compromised tissue oxygenation and hemoglobin value <7 g / dL.
• Critically ill patients with hemoglobin> 7 g / dL. In association with severe cardiac or respiratory pathologies, values of 8-10 g / dL are considered appropriate.
• In anemia prior to surgical intervention, it is only indicated if the patient manifests symptoms. In planned surgeries, it is suggested to use alternative therapy to transfusion and to defer surgery until correcting hemoglobin values.
• The surgeon establishes the indication for intra- and postoperative transfusion according to the estimate of blood volume lost in the case of surgical bleeding. However a threshold of 6-7 g / dL is appropriate.
Platelet concentrate
• Hemorrhage related to a decrease in platelet value or an alteration in platelet function. Active bleeding patients should have a platelet count greater than 50 × 10 9 / L. Some consensuses suggest a count greater than 100 × 10 9 / L in patients with special conditions such as polytrauma or cerebral hemorrhage.
• Active bleeding in patients with recent use (<7 days) of aspirin, clopidogrel or ticlopidine, independent of platelet value.
• Patient with surgical or obstetric management with platelet count <50 × 10 9 / L.
• Platelet count <50 × 10 9 / L that must undergo a procedure as risk of bleeding such as: lumbar puncture, insertion of central venous catheter, digestive endoscopy, transbronchial or liver biopsy.
• Platelet count <10 × 10 9 / L due to marrow failure without other factors
• Acute medical condition and platelet value <20 × 10 9 / L due to peripheral platelet consumption of non-immunological cause
• Patients with acute pathologies and platelet count <50 × 10 9 / L accompanied by alterations in coagulation or use of anticoagulants or fibrinolytics.
Plasma fr ESCO c ongelado
• It is used in the treatment of bleeding after treatment with anticoagulants.
• Unique deficiency of one of the coagulation factors.
• Multiple factor deficiency due to disseminated extravascular coagulation (DIC) or severe bleeding.
• Hemophilia B when lyophilized concentrate is not available.
• Management of thrombocytopenic purpura
Cryoprecipitate
• Hemophilia A in the absence of factor VIII lyophilisate.
• Treatment of bleeding and prevention before an invasive dental or medical-surgical procedure.
• Von Willebrand disease when specific treatment for the condition is not available.
• Surgical prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with Hemolytic Uremic Disease.
• Fibrinogen less than 100 mg / dl in patients with microbleeds.
Blood sugar levels can either be normal, high, or low, depending on how much glucose someone has in their bloodstream. Glucose is a simple sugar that’s present in the bloodstream at all times. Normal blood glucose levels can be measured when someone fasts, eats, or after they’ve eaten. A normal blood glucose level for adults, without diabetes, who haven’t eaten for at least eight hours (fasting) is less than 100 mg/dL. A normal blood glucose level for adults, without diabetes, two hours after eating is 90 to 110 mg/dL. https://signalscv.com/2021/10/strictiond-shark-tank-reviews-turn-on-the-...